Secularism is a principle that advocates for the separation of religious institutions from state institutions and a public sphere where religion does not dictate governmental policies. It ensures that individuals have the freedom to practice any religion or none at all, without state interference or endorsement. This separation is meant to promote fairness, equality, and neutrality in governance, preventing any single religion from dominating political decisions or marginalizing others.

Historically, secularism emerged during the Enlightenment era as thinkers sought to challenge the intertwined power of the church and the state. Philosophers such as John Locke and Voltaire argued for religious tolerance and the rights of individuals to follow their conscience without coercion. The movement gained momentum as societies recognized the potential for religious conflicts to cause division and violence, leading to the adoption of secular principles in various constitutions and legal frameworks.

Debates around secularism often revolve around its interpretation and implementation.

Supporters argue that it protects individual freedoms and promotes equality by preventing religious favoritism. Critics may contend that overly rigid secular policies can infringe upon religious freedoms and cultural expressions.